The early settler Frederick Edward Maning published two books under the pseudonym Pakeha Māori which contain many examples of how Pakeha/Maori lived. In her book The Trial of the Cannibal Dog: The Remarkable Story of Captain Cook's Encounters in the South Seas, the anthropologist Anne Salmond recorded that tribal traditions held that Toiroa, a tohunga from Mahia, had predicted the coming of the Europeans. When the word was first adopted, the usual plural in English was "pakehas". In 2013, the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study carried out by the University of Auckland found no evidence that the word was widely considered to be derogatory; however, only 12 per cent of New Zealanders of European descent chose to be identified by the term, with the remainder preferring "New Zealander" (53 per cent), "New Zealand European" (25 per cent) or "Kiwi" (17 per cent). Ko te reo Māori te reo o ngā kaupapa Māori. In traditional Māori canoes or "waka", paddlers face the direction of travel. Choose the design that fits your site. It has no pejorative associations like people think it does—it's a descriptive term. Papa'a has a similar meaning in Cook Islands Māori.. Its etymology is unclear, but the term pākehā was in use by the late 18th century. John (Jacky) Marmon, for example, was a mariner who travelled throughout the ‘south seas’ and regularly came to New Zealand. What if, we flipped the not-enough-ness on it’s head, and decided we were the perfect amount of Māori and the perfect amount of Pākehā for us. Fast-forward seven decades to 1980 and the Māori population approached 300,000. Being of Irish descent carries multiple meanings that can nourish a sense of identity, a sense of belonging, and significant relationships. Its etymology is unclear, but the term pākehā was in use by the late 18th century. Pākehā is a Māori language term for New Zealanders who are "of European descent".  |  Sometimes the term applies more widely to include all non-Māori. Irish-Pākehā (a European New Zealander of Irish descent) is a settler identity that embodies ancestral relations with forebears and homelands as well as a relationship with Māori, the Indigenous Peoples of Aotearoa-New Zealand. Māori Party co-leader John Tamihere has explained why Pākehā are "asymptomatic racists" after he used the term during a party announcement. I have written this book for Pākehā – and other New Zealanders – curious about their sense of identity and about the ambivalences we Pākehā often experience in our relationships with Māori. The Māori cultural renaissance made many Pākehā feel that they lacked a culture of their own, and from the 1970s numerous Pākehā writers and artists began to explore issues of Pākehā identity and culture. The term is also applied to fair-skinned persons, or to any non-Māori New Zealander. What if we saw it as a strength, and acknowledged it as the ability to walk in both worlds, with both views, from multiple perspectives. Ross teaches Māori language and customs and Thomas is a Pākehā lecturer of environmental studies. New Zealand politicians from across the political spectrum use the term, including Don Brash, John Key, Helen Clark, and Te Ururoa Flavell. Pākehā Māori is a term used to describe early European settlers in New Zealand (known as Pākehā in the Māori language) who lived among the Māori. ), "Cultural go-betweens, Pākehā–Māori", "John Rutherford — The “White New Zealander”", http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pākehā_Māori&oldid=494681907. The web service Alexandria is granted from Memodata for the Ebay search. Who want to forget their origins, their history, their cultural inheritance – who want Maori, likewise, to deny their origins so that we can all start off afresh. Some were kept by the Māori as slaves, while others settled in Māori communities by choice, many being runaway seamen or escaped convicts. Others object to the word, some strongly, claiming it to be derogatory or to carry implications of being an outsider, although this is often based on false information about the meaning of the term. Opinions of the term vary amongst European New Zealanders. Notable expatriate Pākehā from this period include writer Katherine Mansfield and physicist Ernest Rutherford. See if you can get into the grid Hall of Fame ! New Zealand writer and historian Michael King wrote in 1985: "To say something is Pakeha in character is not to diminish its New Zealand-ness, as some people imply. Pākehā is a Māori language term for New Zealanders who are "of European descent". In 1966 the first encyclopedia of New Zealand was published in three thick volumes. Pākehā language learners are suspended between two wrongs: not supporting the Māori language to flourish (again) in this country, and learning before or over others for whom it is a birthright. The term is also applied to fair-skinned persons, or to any non-Māori New Zealander. Get XML access to fix the meaning of your metadata. While there are Māori orientated issues and non-Pākehā orientated issues, there’ a lot of overlap – and mixed houses. R acial-ethnic identity (REI), or the significance and meaning of race and ethnicity to one’s self-concept (Sellers, Smith, Shelton, Rowley, & Chavous, 1998), represents a crucial component of adolescent development The term is also applied to fair-skinned persons, or to any non-Māori New Zealander. And with record numbers of Pākehā lining up to learn te reo Māori, it won’t ease anytime soon. When Europeans first arrived they rowed to shore in longboats, facing backwards. Tips: browse the semantic fields (see From ideas to words) in two languages to learn more. Papa'a has a similar meaning in Cook Islands Māori.. Its etymology is unclear, but the term pākehā was in use by the late 18th century. / But only exotic trees are deciduous, however the native tree that is like exotic trees is the kōtukutuku (tree fuchsia), also called the kōnini. Aotearoa is changing. To this day, the Māori term for the English language is "reo pākehā". Many Pākehā intellectuals migrated to Britain in order to pursue their careers as this was not possible in New Zealand. It came along with a vague threat: “required by ACC” (New Zealand’s Accident Compensation Corporation). The point at which European settlers in New Zealand became Pākehā—or indeed New Zealanders—is subjective. The first European settlers arrived in New Zealand in the early nineteenth century, but most were missionaries, traders and adventurers who did not intend to stay permanently. The etymology of pākehā is unknown, although the most likely sources are the words pākehakeha or pakepakehā, which refer to an oral tale of a "mythical, human like being, with fair skin and hair who possessed canoes made of reeds which changed magically into sailing vessels". The more common Māori word for flea is puruhi. There have been several dubious interpretations given to the word. Past Māori and Pākehā conflict. He was about 17 when he first lived with Maori and about 24 … I think it's nice to have a name the people who live here gave you, because that's what I am." All rights reserved. I don’t feel this suspension, this tension, around language in this novel – … Pākehā (or Pakeha; / ˈ p ɑː k ɪ h ɑː /, Māori pronunciation: [ˈpaːkɛhaː]) is a Māori-language term for New Zealanders of European descent. In 1973, Britain joined the European Economic Community, cutting New Zealand off from free trade with its biggest market and leaving Pākehā feeling betrayed by the people they had thought of as their own. Historian Judith Binney called herself a Pākehā and said, "I think it is the most simple and practical term. The wordgames anagrams, crossword, Lettris and Boggle are provided by Memodata. The Marlborough-born lecturer in Māori history at Massey University has straddled the boundaries because of a skin condition he developed when he was young. It is a name given to us by Māori. This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. Māori in the Bay of Islands and surrounding districts had no doubts about the meaning of the word in the 19th century. One claims that it derives from poaka, the Māori word for "pig", and keha, one of the Māori words for "flea", and therefore expresses derogatory implications. There were also numerous settlers from Ireland and Northern and Central Europe. Boggle gives you 3 minutes to find as many words (3 letters or more) as you can in a grid of 16 letters. Provide us with the stories and the knowledge of the past as a weapon for us to combat the Pākehā who say that the Māori are an ignorant people. Find out more, an offensive content(racist, pornographic, injurious, etc. A joint response code of "NZ European or Pakeha" was tried in the 1996 census, but was replaced by "New Zealand European" in later censuses because it drew what Statistics New Zealand described as a "significant adverse reaction from some respondents". A few Pākehā Māori such as John Rutherford[2] and Barnet Burns even received the moko or facial tattoo. When I was at school it was sadly lacking, and it is still deficient. The official form included a place where I had to state my “Ethnicity”. Get XML access to reach the best products. Change the target language to find translations. In December 1814, the Māori children at Rangihoua in the Bay of Islands were "no less eager to see the packaha than the grown folks". ○   Anagrams Some of us embrace it. Each square carries a letter. en It is right that the elders who are withholding information be censured by us, the children, because this is a treacherous abuse of custom against us. Some of us regard it as an insult. But there are growing concerns of non-Māori appropriating the language, and not … Add new content to your site from Sensagent by XML. That space in between, as we navigate how we be both, and all and enough. Well-meaning Pākehā are flooding into te reo Māori classes across the country in record numbers. The rarity value of Europeans in New Zealand and the importance of trade in Western goods - particularly muskets - made Pākehā Māori highly prized for their trading skills. Dr Meihana was born brown, but developed autoimmune disorder vitiligo - a condition in which the skin loses its pigment cells. Otirā ko ā te Pākehā rākau anake e ngahoro ana ngā rau, heoi anō tā te Māori rākau i rite ki ā te Pākehā ko te kōtukutuku, arā ko te kōnini (TP 9/1903:1). Māori were also badly hit by the 1918 influenza epidemic, with death rates for Māori being 4.5 times higher than for Pākehā. Sociologist Paul Spoonley criticised the new version, however, saying that many Pākehā would not identify as European. Papa'a has a similar meaning in Cook Islands Māori. Some achieved a degree of prestige among the Māori and fought in battle with their adopted tribe in the New Zealand land wars, sometimes against European soldiers. This is supposed to have led to the belief that the sailors were supernatural beings. Papa'a has a similar meaning in Cook Islands Māori. Most English definitions are provided by WordNet . The English word games are: However, The Concise Māori Dictionary (Kāretu, 1990) defines the word pākehā as "foreign, foreigner (usually applied to white person)", while the English–Māori, Māori–English Dictionary (Biggs, 1990) defines Pākehā as "white (person)". An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand was a critical and publishing success at the time, and has been used as a basic reference work about the country since then. The word poaka itself may come from the proto-Polynesian root *puaka, known in every Polynesian language ("puaka in Tongan, Uvean, Futunian, Rapa, Marquisian, Niuean, Rarotongan, Tokelauan, and Tuvaluan; it evolved to the later form puaÊ»a in Samoan, Tahitian, some Rapa dialects, and Hawaiian); or it might be borrowed or mixed with the English "porker". The term is commonly used by a range of journalists and columnists from The New Zealand Herald, the country's largest-circulation daily newspaper. The term pākehā is also sometimes used among New Zealanders of European ancestry in distinction to the Māori term tauiwi ("foreigner"), as an act of emphasising their claims of belonging to the space of New Zealand in contrast to more recent arrivals. The Oxford general English language dictionary defines pākehā as 'a white New Zealander', The Oxford Dictionary of New Zealandisms (2010) defines pākehā as a noun 'a light-skinned non-Polynesian New Zealander, especially one of British birth or ancestry as distinct from a Māori; a European or white person'; and as an adjective 'of or relating to Pākehā; non-Māori; European, white'. For the article on the people, see, "The Origins of the Words 'Pakeha' and 'Kaipuke, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pākehā&oldid=993113901. ", This article is about a Māori language word. Michael King, a leading writer and historian on Pākehā identity, discussed the concept of distinct Pākehā practices and imaginations in his books: Being Pākehā (1985) and Being Pākehā Now (1999), and the edited collection, Pakeha: The Quest for Identity in New Zealand (1991), conceptualising Pākehā as New Zealand's "second indigenous" culture. Recently, the word has been used to refer inclusively either to fair-skinned persons or any non-Māori New Zealander. ... Freebase (0.00 / 0 votes) Rate this definition: Pākehā. Most of us are somewhere in between. The SensagentBox are offered by sensAgent. It was at this point that the word "Pākehā" grew in popularity, although it remained controversial. In Māori, plural nouns of the term include ngā pākehā (the definite article) and he pākehā (the indefinite article). In 1831, thirteen rangatira from the Far North met at Kerikeri to compose a letter to King William IV, seeking protection from the French, "the tribe of Marion". However, the definition of the other, or ‘Pakeha’ has altered to some extent. In this extract, she writes about taking a reo-Māori immersion course at a South Auckland wānanga. As more Europeans arrived, the status of early Europeans among Māori fell and some of the early Pakeha Maori reverted to a more European existence. Until some point in the mid-twentieth century most Pākehā considered themselves to be both British and New Zealanders. No Māori dictionary cites pākehā as derogatory. A windows (pop-into) of information (full-content of Sensagent) triggered by double-clicking any word on your webpage. Quicker, cheaper international travel allowed more Pākehā to visit and live in other countries, where they saw that they were different from the British and felt the need for a stronger national identity. There have increasing calls for more Aotearoa New Zealand history to be taught in schools. From early records it is clear that the term was used in New Zealand before 1815 to mean ‘white person’. Pākehā Māori is a term used to describe early European settlers in New Zealand (known as Pākehā in the Māori language) who lived among the Māori.. However, there were still strong ties to the "mother country" (the United Kingdom, particularly England), which were maintained well into the twentieth century. Every Pākehā becomes a Pākehā in their own way, finding her or his own meaning for that Māori word. Pākehā (or Pakeha; / ˈ p ɑː k ɪ h ɑː /, Māori pronunciation: [ˈpaːkɛhaː]) is a Māori-language term for New Zealanders primarily of European descent. To make squares disappear and save space for other squares you have to assemble English words (left, right, up, down) from the falling squares. E tautokohia ana te reo Māori hei reo whaikōrero e Milroy me tana kÄ« ko te whaikōrero he kupu Māori, nā reira, me Māori anō ngā kōrero (Rewi 2005:21). 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