templelane Posts: 1,177, Reputation: 227. The researchers also found that bonobos share about 98.7% of their DNA with humans—about the same amount that chimps share with us. [Read: How Many Genetic Mutations Do I Have?] Human, plant, and animal DNA is packaged into separate packages called chromosomes. In a paper published in the Sept. 1 … This cherry-picking deceptively reinforced the mythical 98% similarity notion. See Kirill Rossiianov, “Beyond Species: Ii’ya Ivanov and His Experiments on Cross-Breeding Humans with Anthropoid Apes.” Science in Context. And even two identical stretches of DNA can work differently--they can be "turned on" in different amounts, in different places or at different times. 1-844-7-GENESIS (844-743-6374) staff@genesisapologetics.com. Fibonacci Number Sequence. We also both play, have complex emotions and intelligence, and a very similar physical makeup. [ii] Jonathan Silvertown (ed), 99% Ape: How Evolution Adds Up (University of Chicago Press, 2009): 4. Avoid using “you.” We don’t want to accuse anybody, just lead them to convince themselves that their own ideas have problems. The expression or activity patterns of genes differ across species in ways that help … Although the human and chimpanzee genomes overall are only about 84.4% similar, some regions have high similarity, mostly due to protein-coding genes. That's how it works with humans versus just about everything else, from bananas to chimpanzees. Point 3 – The Chromosome Fusion claim is false for four reasons. It needs to be refuted if it’s not true. We are a 501(c)(3) non-profit company (tax-exempt status approved), so your contributions to our ministry are welcome! The other five genes help produce useful proteins. “Researchers Compare Chicken, Human Genomes: Analysis of First Avian Genome Uncovers Differences Between Birds and Mammals.” ScienceDaily (December 10, 2004). If these fused, then they should have 10,000 to 30,000 TTAGGG repeats at the fusion site, plus or minus some from many generations of mutations. [xxxiii] New Genome Comparison Finds Chimps, Humans Very Similar at the DNA Level, 2005, National Human Genome Research Institute (www.genome.gov/15515096). The information is encoded in the sequencing of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Even more clear evidence for creation is the finding that not one of the other genes within 614,000 bases surrounding the alleged fusion site exists in chimpanzees. After all, they all use the same basic molecules. [xli] How do they know this happened? When the chimp DNA sequences were matched with the human genome by computers, only two-thirds of the DNA sequences could be lined up with human DNA. In the case of GULO, the transposable element patterns between humans and each of the ape kinds that were evaluated show differences. It could turn the world’s petroleum into phones, leaving none to make dash board, refrigerators, or medicines. This amounts to about 40 million differences in our DNA, half of which likely resulted from mutations in the human ancestral line and half in the chimp line since the two species diverged. Well, it’s a matter of life and death. This makes the evolutionary assertion hard for them to defend. DNA: Comparing Humans and Chimps main content. If chimp DNA is so dissimilar to human, and the computer software stops matching after only a few hundred bases, how can we find the actual similarity of the human and chimp genomes? "Darwin wasn't just … If two different kinds of creatures have the same basic gene sequence, they usually share only a certain part of that sequence. Researchers discovered that many of the short stretches of DNA genetic sequences that code for common proteins were not only highly similar in many types of animals, but that they were nearly identical between certain creatures including humans and apes.[xvii]. et al., 2007. Because evolution theorists needed raw genetic material for nature to tinker with over millions of years, they decided that it had no function. The fusion site lies inside what they originally labeled a pseudogene. These DNA bits are called Human-Accelerated Regions (HAR). [iii] This has been a primary foundation for the mistreatment of humans worldwide by genocidal political leaders and governments over the past 150 or so years. The human body has many molecular similarities with other living things. The DNA of a cow and a whale should be more alike than the DNA of a cow and a bacterium. However, enough data were in the 2005 report to allow several independent researchers to calculate overall human-chimp genome similarities. Chimpanzees are the closest living relatives of humans. This means the cell accesses it more often than the others. A gene's activity, or expression, can be turned up or down like the volume on a radio. Most genes in humans and chimps are nearly identical. For this reason, they focused on DNA segments that they knew would be highly similar between animals, such as blood globin proteins and mitochondrial DNA (DNA which is inherited from the mother). For the same reason that different kinds of craftworkers all use hammers to drive or pry nails, different kinds of creatures use many of the same biochemical tools to perform common cellular functions. Over 250 different types of human cells actively use the gene! At the time of this writing, experts estimate that non-protein-coding RNA genes called long noncoding RNAs or “lncRNAs” outnumber protein coding genes at least 2 to 1. 1. [i] Thanks to Jeffrey Tomkins, Ph.D., Jerry Bergman Ph.D., and Brian Thomas, M.S. This is why humans stand above all other types of creatures. From the beginning, they were spirit-less animals created on Day 6 of creation. [xlix] J. Sanford, Genetic Entropy and the Mystery of the Genome, 3rd ed (FMS Publications, 2010). [xviii] DNA regions that have hundreds of repeating sequences are, for this reason, very difficult to reconstruct, yet we now know that they are important for cell function. The chromosome fusion theory claims that two smaller chimpanzee chromosomes fused to form human chromosome 2. Sometimes, though, they splice themselves into the wrong location and disrupt genes. Another study (Chen & Li, 2001) sequenced 53 non-repetitive, intergenic DNA segments from human, chimpanzee, gorilla and orangutan. One of the main problems with comparing DNA segments between different organisms that contain regions of strong dissimilarity is that the computer program commonly used (called BLASTN) stops matching DNA when it hits regions that are markedly different. [xxix] Using a powerful computer dedicated to this massive computation, all 24 chimp chromosomes were compared to humans’ 23 chromosomes. [xlviii] M. Y. Lachapelle, & G. Drouin, “Inactivation Dates of the Human and Guinea Pig Vitamin C Genes,” Genetica 139 (2011): 199–207. A child that sees a chimpanzee can immediately tell that it is radically different from a human. A small DNA difference makes human red blood cells vulnerable to this parasite, while chimp blood cells are resistant. In 2002, a DNA sequencing lab produced over 3 million bases of chimp DNA sequence in small 50 to 900 base fragments that it obtained randomly across the entire chimp genome. Studies show that chimps and humans share a 96% similarity in DNA. It looks like the real GULO gene, which codes for an enzyme to help make vitamin C, but it has differences. When you talk about humans sharing DNA with each other and with other animals, you're basically talking about this sequencing pattern… Why do chimps and humans share this very similar sequence? 17:1675–1689 (www.eupedia.com/forum/threads/25335-Percentage-of-genetic-similarity-between-humans-and-animals). Evolutionists call these new creature-specific genes “orphan genes” because they are not found in any other type of known creature. Each one contains millions of the four different DNA bases (T, A, C, G), stacked like rungs on a ladder. [xxxvii] These estimates suffer from the same problems that humans-chimp comparisons do, but they illustrate the patterns of similarity that one would expect from a single divine designer. One of the great trophies that evolutionists parade to prove human evolution from some common ape ancestor is the assertion that human and chimp DNA are 98 to 99% similar. The main genetic difference between humans and chimps is that humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes whereas chimps have 24 pairs of chromosomes in their genomes. Humans and chimps can have 95% or >98.5% similar DNA depending on which nucleotides are counted and which are excluded. Many of these lncRNA genes play important roles in a process called epigenetics. New York. Now tap your fingertips with your thumb. Genes The chimpanzee genome was sequenced for the first time in 2005. Is it really valid? [xlvi] This means that the shared DNA sequence “mistakes” were purposefully created DNA sequences all along. chimpanzees are three to ten times more variable in the nucleotide sequences of their mitochondrial DNA than are humans, even though the chimpanzee populations have been smaller than the human population for at least 10,000 years. Why does this matter? That published chimp genome is thus partly based on the human genome. When scientists talk about a creature’s genome, they refer to one set of chromosomes. They discovered that most DNAs regulate the timing and amount of proteins produced. They want to avoid the task of explaining how 15 or 20% of three billion bases evolved in such a short time! WASHINGTON, Wed., Aug. 31, 2005 — The first comprehensive comparison of the genetic blueprints of humans and chimpanzees shows our closest living relatives share perfect identity with 96 percent of our DNA sequence, an international research consortium reported today.. Or it could make only 10 phones a year. Not surprisingly, humans share the most amount of DNA with chimpanzees. Human vs pig and chimpanzee DNA. If the creation narrative from the Bible is true, we would expect exactly what we see in today’s ape-kinds. The common default setting used by most evolutionary researchers kicks out anything less than 95% to 98% in similarity. Typical human and chimp protein homologs differ in an average of only two amino acids. DNA contains much of the information necessary for an organism to develop. [xvi] However, some curious researchers chose gorillas and orangutans for comparison. Their specific order forms a complex set of instructions called the “genetic code.” Humans have two copies of each chromosome: one set of 23 from the mother and one set of 23 from the father. Frith, P. Horton & K. Asai, “Finding Protein-coding Genes through Human Polymorphisms,” PloS one 8 (2013). God created and embedded each creature’s orphan genes to network with all the rest of that creature’s genetic coding instructions. Now multiple studies have shown that it produces lncRNAs (see above) and is the most genetically networked gene in the entire beta-globin gene cluster. Telomeres contain repeats of the DNA sequence TTAGGG over and over. Comparing Chimp, Human DNA The chimpanzee and human genomes are more than 98% identical, but there are a few short DNA sequences that have changed significantly in humans since the two species diverged about 5 million years ago (see Pollard et al., http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.0020168). They assumed that comparing sequences between related creatures would help locate them. Humans have forty-six chromosomes, while chimps have forty-eight. They share the same water, oxygen, and food sources. A Reassessment of the Literature” Journal of Creation 26 (2012): 54–60. Imagine that the smart phone industry has no clue how many consumers want to buy smart phones. Does evidence inside human chromosomes fail to fit this story? At other times, they talk about certain DNA sequences being 98 to 99% similar. Too bad evolutionists failed to look for function before they declared it had no function. [xl] M. D. Paraskevopoulou, et al. Nevertheless, less than 5% of the human genome contains actual “exon” protein-coding sequences. The newest chimp genome, published in 2018, did not use human digital scaffolds and confirms a 15% dissimilarity between humans and chimps. [xix] I. Ebersberger, D. Metzler, C. Schwarz, & S. Pääbo, “Genomewide Comparison of DNA Sequences between Humans and Chimpanzees,” American Journal of Human Genetics 70 (2002): 1490–1497. This actually looks like a broken gene. The organization of these chemicals encodes information, just like letters of the alphabet. Their story sounds sensible at first. Telomeres on human chromosomes are typically 5,000 to 15,000 bases long. Regulating the number, rate, and placement of bricks is even more important than just having bricks. Each human cell contains roughly three billion base pairs, or bits of information. After divergence of their ancestor lineages, human and chimpanzee genomes underwent multiple changes including single … The results showed that, depending on the chromosome, the chimp chromosomes were between 43% and 78% similar to humans. [xii] Various sources will show minor differences in these comparisons. [xxv] Instead, as shown in the above section on genetics, more time produces more mutations, which lead to more extinctions. The chimp genome is much longer than the human genome. First, telomeres are designed not to fuse. [xliv] J. Tomkins, “Alleged Human Chromosome 2 ‘Fusion Site’ Encodes an Active DNA Binding Domain Inside a Complex and Highly Expressed Gene—Negating Fusion,” Answers Research Journal 6 (2013): 367–375. To put this number into perspective, a typical 8½ x 11-inch page of text has about 4,000 letters and spaces. [xxxix] S. Djebali, et al. While many short stretches of DNA existed that were very similar to human DNA, more than 30% of the chimp DNA sequence was not even close enough to attempt an alignment. With so much at stake, like the answer to life’s largest question, “Where did I come from?” do we want to trust in extremely biased answers? Last, the claimed fusion site contains a gene, proof that it is not a genetic scar at all. Directions, ticket info, and visitor tips. It turns out, of course, that this gene serves a helpful function in cells. The human genome is now one of the most complete of all known genome sequences–mostly because considerably more research money has been spent on it compared to other life forms. First, all varieties of chimps have no concept of eternity. If these actually fused, then they should have over ten thousand TTAGGG bases, but the alleged fusion site actually has about 800 bases. Consequently, over a million RNA varieties can be made from 30,000 or fewer genes! It appeared the initial chimpanzee genome was contaminated with human DNA, which is a huge problem in genomics. Humans, chimps and bonobos descended from a single ancestor species that lived six or seven million years ago. The DNA of an entire organism is too long to sequence all at once, thus they sequence millions of pieces, each hundreds of bases long. In fact, many of these DNA changes led to differences between human and chimp appearance and behavior. As humans and chimps gradually evolved from a common ancestor, their DNA, passed from generation to generation, changed too. In 2004, scientists published a more complete version, but there were still small parts that remained to be sequenced, so researchers kept updating the human genome as DNA sequencing technologies improved and more data were acquired. [xlvii] The supposed pseudo (or “false”) gene regulates the production rates of the other genes. Sometimes they talk about humans and chimpanzees having the same genes.  CPX - facial development, cleft palate The improvement of DNA sequencing technology, along with scientific advances in the field of genomics, is proving to be a profound enemy of evolution. Given their millions of DNA differences, no wonder humans and chimps look and act so different! This turned out to be only one of many problems. Point 5 – The GULO Pseudogene does not show common decent, but simply shows an area of both genomes that is prone to mutate. Another case of textbook evidence for human evolution is the GULO pseudogene. [xxiii], Unfortunately, the research paper describing the 2005 chimp draft genome avoided the problem of overall average genome similarity with humans by analyzing the regions of the genomes that were already known to be highly similar. If two organisms look similar, we would expect DNA similarity between them. [xx] “Human-Chimp Genetic Similarity: Is the Evolutionary Dogma Valid?” Institute for Creation Research: www.icr.org/article/6197/. [xxii] J. Tomkins, “Genome-Wide DNA Alignment Similarity (Identity) for 40,000 Chimpanzee DNA Sequences Queried against the Human Genome is 86–89%,” Answers Research Journal 4 (2011): 233–241. They selected similar regions for comparison, because you cannot glean any meaningful comparisons between two DNA sequences that exist only in one and not the other. Not only is the site some orders of magnitude smaller than expected, but it has functional DNA. Similarity claim fails on this basis alone in reality, the chimp kind include four that! 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